SAUDI ARABIA

In 2025, Saudi Arabia continues its rapid transformation under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), as part of its “Vision 2030” plan. This strategy aims to reduce the country’s dependence on oil, modernize the economy, and reposition the kingdom as an influential regional power.

Economically, megaprojects (such as NEOM, The Line, and Red Sea Global) are moving forward, backed by the PIF sovereign wealth fund. However, delays in implementation, budget overruns, and uncertainty about their long-term viability are fueling some skepticism, particularly abroad. Despite this, the country is managing to attract investment in the tourism, new technologies, and infrastructure sectors. Diversification remains dependent on oil prices, which were relatively high in 2024, thereby supporting public finances. But the Saudi economy remains exposed to geopolitical risks, particularly in the Middle East and on global energy markets.

Domestically, societal reforms are proceeding in a controlled manner: women are more visible in public spaces and in the labor market, certain restrictions have been lifted, and the cultural sector (cinema, concerts, sporting events) is booming. However, any political opposition or criticism of the regime continues to be severely suppressed. Human rights defenders, activists, and certain religious figures critical of the government remain imprisoned or silenced.

On the security front, the terrorist threat remains contained but real. Attacks or attempted infiltrations by armed groups linked to the Houthis or Al-Qaeda have been reported. The war in Yemen remains a major source of tension, even though the fragile ceasefire in place as of early 2025 has reduced the number of attacks on Saudi soil. Travel to the country’s southern border with Yemen remains strongly discouraged.

Regional rivalry with Iran persists, although a diplomatic rapprochement was initiated in 2023 under Chinese mediation. Relations remain fragile, however, particularly against the backdrop of heightened tensions surrounding the Israel-Hamas war, which is reigniting divisions between Sunnis and Shiites within the region.

In terms of internal security, Saudi Arabia remains one of the safest countries in the region for Western travelers. The rate of common crime is extremely low thanks to a highly repressive judicial system. However, caution is still advised when discussing political, religious, or social issues, due to strict control over behavior, even in private settings.