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In 2025, Guatemala is undergoing a period of political uncertainty following the inauguration of President Bernardo Arévalo, elected in 2023 under the progressive Semilla party. His rise to power generated significant hope among young people and the urban middle class, but it faces strong resistance from traditional elites, sectors of the judiciary, and conservative economic groups.
In 2025, Kenya maintains relative political and economic stability, but remains exposed to regional threats and domestic tensions. President William Ruto governs amid growing social pressure linked to inflation, youth unemployment, and a rising cost of living.
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En 2025, l’Union des Comores reste marquée par une instabilité politique chronique, aggravée par les tensions post-électorales et les difficultés socio-économiques persistantes. Le président Azali Assoumani, réélu en janvier 2024 à l’issue d’un scrutin largement contesté, continue de concentrer l’essentiel des pouvoirs exécutifs, législatifs et judiciaires. L’opposition, affaiblie par la répression et les arrestations arbitraires, est quasi absente du paysage institutionnel.
In 2025, Moldova remains a country under high geopolitical tension due to the war in neighbouring Ukraine, and Russian pressure on its internal affairs. President Maia Sandu, re-elected in 2024, continues her pro-European agenda, including closer integration with the EU and NATO cooperation, which Moscow vehemently opposes.
The security situation in the Russian Federation remains highly degraded in 2025, due to the war in Ukraine, growing internal tensions, and the radicalisation of the Russian repressive apparatus.
In 2025, Uzbekistan continues its cautious political and economic reform under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. Since assuming power in 2016, Mirziyoyev has distanced the country from the repressive policies of his predecessor Islam Karimov, but his rule remains authoritarian.
In 2025, El Salvador continues to draw international attention due to the radical security strategy implemented by President Nayib Bukele. He was re-elected in February 2024 for a second consecutive term, despite constitutional controversies surrounding his candidacy.
A l’image de la plupart des pays occidentaux, l’Australie a déployé une politique volontariste dans la lutte contre le COVID-19, avec une campagne de vaccination de masse et des moyens légaux très incitatifs...
In 2025, Chile remains one of the most institutionally stable countries in South America, though its social cohesion remains fragile. President Gabriel Boric’s administration, in office since 2022, follows a moderate trajectory, navigating tough compromises between progressive aspirations and political constraints in a divided Congress.
In 2025, Argentina is undergoing a period of profound economic and political transition under the presidency of Javier Milei, whose radical reform agenda continues to disrupt the country’s traditional balance. Elected on a libertarian, anti-state, and anti-establishment platform, the president is implementing an unprecedented austerity policy, coupled with a push to "dollarise" the national economy.
Canada is a federal state with a majority population of Anglo-Saxon descent, alongside a French-speaking Québécois minority and a small indigenous group known as the First Nations. This complex ethnic distribution has led to tangible social tensions.
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Tajikistan remains in a delicate geopolitical position in 2025, caught between regional disputes, concerns about Afghan instability, and internal security ambitions.
In 2025, Spain remains a stable, safe, and democratic country, though its political scene is notably polarised. The coalition government led by Socialist Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez — re-elected in 2023 with support from regional and far-left parties — continues to pursue policies focused on social issues, minority rights and green transition, amid a tense parliamentary climate.
In 2025, Georgia is experiencing intense domestic political tensions and diplomatic strain. Mass protests in spring 2024 against the so-called “foreign influence” law have deeply polarised society and widened the gap between the ruling party and pro-European movements.
In 2025, Jordan remains a symbol of stability in the Middle East, yet it finds itself in an increasingly complex and fragile position. Surrounded by failed or war-torn states on nearly all sides, Jordan bears the brunt of regional instability, which significantly weakens the Kingdom. The scale and persistence of these pressures place Jordan in a state of near-breaking point.
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In 2025, France remains a stable democratic country, a key member of the European Union and a major player on the international stage. However, it is experiencing a period of heightened political polarisation, persistent social tension, and a strained security climate.
In 2025, Ethiopia remains deeply weakened by internal conflicts, interethnic tensions, and the lingering effects of the Tigray war, officially ended but with ongoing humanitarian, political and security consequences.
In 2025, Djibouti maintains apparent political stability, underpinned by a firmly entrenched authoritarian regime led by President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh since 1999. This small strategic state in the Horn of Africa plays a central role in regional maritime security, particularly through its control of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a vital global trade route.
In 2025, Israel and the Palestinian territories remain gripped by an unprecedented crisis, the most intense in decades, driven by the ongoing war that began on October 7th, 2023, between Israel and Hamas. Initially concentrated in the Gaza Strip, the conflict has since expanded across multiple fronts, with significant regional repercussions.
Tunisia remains in 2025 mired in a persistent political, economic, and social crisis, marked by democratic regression following the centralisation of power under President Kaïs Saïed. Though broadly secure in terms of public safety, the country is weakened by growing authoritarianism, economic exhaustion, and recurrent social unrest.
In 2025, the Maldives remains a popular and generally safe tourist destination but faces increased political and security tensions following the 2023 election of President Mohamed Muizzu, from the Islamist-nationalist opposition. This leadership shift has resulted in a clear pivot towards China and distancing from India, the archipelago’s traditional partner.
In 2025, Nicaragua remains one of the most repressive regimes in Latin America. President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo, maintain an iron grip on power following fraudulent elections and the dismantling of all institutional checks. Since the 2018 uprising, the country has seen widespread political persecution, mass arrests, and the exile or imprisonment of virtually all opposition figures.
In 2025, Honduras remains plagued by chronic violence, deep corruption, and institutional fragility. Despite efforts by President Xiomara Castro to restore rule of law and curb gang power, the country continues to be one of the most dangerous in the world in terms of homicide rates.
La criminalité et la délinquance sont endémiques dans certaines régions du Mexique. Cette insécurité se manifeste sur l’ensemble du spectre : des petites bandes délinquantes jusqu’à la criminalité de gangs transnationaux impliqués dans le trafic de drogue.
Le risque est réel, y compris dans la capitale Mexico où le voyageur non averti peut être la victime d’un kidnapping ou d’une tentative d’extorsion de fonds. Il est par conséquent recommandé d’être accompagné et de se cantonner aux zones touristiques ou d’affaires indiquées par les autorités.
En mai 2021, le Kirghizistan a été opposé pendant plusieurs semaines au Tadjikistan, son grand frère ennemi. Les deux pays d’Asie Centrale se font régulièrement face depuis leur indépendance à la fin de l’URSS. Pour autant, pour la première fois, l’épisode violent a donné au conflit une tournure sanglante : les affrontements ont fait une cinquantaine de morts et plusieurs centaines de blessés, des dizaines de milliers de personnes ont été évacuées ou déplacées selon les ONG.
In 2025, Turkey remains a central geopolitical actor in the Euro-Asian region but is undergoing a delicate internal phase marked by persistent social, economic, and security tensions.
In 2025, Colombia continues to face multifaceted violence despite the pacification efforts initiated by President Gustavo Petro since taking office. The country remains fragmented among various armed actors: the ELN (National Liberation Army), FARC dissident groups, criminal gangs (bacrims), and drug cartels, all competing for territorial control and trafficking routes.
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Venezuela remains in 2025 in a deeply degraded economic, humanitarian, and security situation. Despite some diplomatic overtures and signs of openness, the country continues to face internal tensions, regional geopolitical confrontations, and a collapse of its social fabric.
In 2025, Haiti remains mired in an extreme multidimensional crisis, combining institutional collapse, widespread insecurity, and a humanitarian catastrophe. Since the assassination of President Jovenel Moïse in July 2021, the country has been unable to re-establish a functioning central government. Armed gangs now control the majority of Port-au-Prince and several strategic roadways, preventing any return to normalcy.
In 2025, Iraq continues its slow and difficult recovery from two decades of war, terrorism, and internal divisions. While the country is no longer in open conflict, it remains fragile and volatile.
En 2025, Israël et les territoires palestiniens restent plongés dans une crise d’une intensité inédite depuis des décennies, marquée par la poursuite de la guerre déclenchée le 7 octobre 2023 entre Israël et le Hamas. Cette guerre, initialement concentrée sur la bande de Gaza, s’est étendue à plusieurs fronts, avec un impact régional majeur.
In 2025, Iran is navigating a period of internal crisis and international isolation. Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei remains in power, but speculation about his succession is intensifying due to his declining health. The regime is preparing for a controlled transition, likely favouring one of the loyal hardline figures close to the Revolutionary Guards.
Yemen remains, in 2025, one of the world’s most unstable and dangerous countries, gripped by protracted civil war, explosive regional dynamics, and an unprecedented humanitarian crisis.
Syria remains in 2025 a profoundly unstable country, marked by the collapse of Bashar al-Assad’s regime earlier in the year following accelerated internal disintegration and a loss of regional and international support. This fall has opened a new phase of uncertainty and fragmentation, without bringing an end to the conflict.
South Africa remains, in 2025, a country with one of the highest urban crime rates in the world. Homicides, rape, carjackings, and burglaries remain alarmingly high, with a persistent climate of impunity contributing to the overall sense of insecurity.
Since the Taliban’s takeover in 2021, Afghanistan has remained deeply unstable, plagued by internal conflicts and geopolitical tensions with neighbouring countries.
Mired in civil war since the 1990s, in 2025 Somalia remains in a critical security and humanitarian crisis, marked by the absence of a fully functioning state, the territorial grip of armed Islamist groups, and a persistent food crisis.
Sudan, in 2025, remains engulfed in a high-intensity civil war opposing the national army, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) under the command of General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (Hemedti). This conflict, often referred to as the "war of the generals", began in April 2023 and has since spread progressively across the entire country.
More than a decade after its independence, South Sudan remains one of the most unstable and dangerous countries in the world. In 2025, the security situation remains extremely poor, marked by deadly ethnic conflicts, very weak governance, and a protracted humanitarian crisis.
In 2025, Nigeria continues to face multidimensional crises affecting its security, economy, and social cohesion. President Bola Tinubu, elected in 2023 amid controversy and low turnout, struggles to stabilise the country.
In 2025, Cameroon continues to face a gradual deterioration of its security situation, impacted by regional conflicts, poorly managed internal tensions, and a weakened governance structure under the ageing regime of President Paul Biya, in power for over 40 years.
In 2025, Niger remains under the control of a military junta following the July 2023 coup that deposed elected president Mohamed Bazoum. The new regime, led by General Abdourahamane Tiani, has cut ties with France, expelled foreign forces, and aligned itself more closely with Mali and Burkina Faso in an anti-Western, pan-Sahelian axis.
Chad remains, in 2025, an extremely unstable country beneath a veneer of institutional stability. This apparent calm masks a prolonged political crisis, heavy militarisation of power, and a deeply deteriorated regional environment.
In 2025, Egypt remains an authoritarian state ruled with an iron grip by President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, re-elected for a third term in December 2023. The regime continues to exert tight control over political life, the media, and civil society. Repression of opponents, journalists, and human rights activists continues, despite a few symbolic releases aimed at improving the country’s international image. NGOs must operate under close surveillance and within a highly restrictive legal framework.
The war in Ukraine enters its third full year with no immediate prospect of resolution. In 2025, the country remains at war with Russia, although the front line has stabilised in some sectors. The heaviest fighting is concentrated in the east (Donetsk, Luhansk) and southern regions (Zaporizhzhia, Kherson).
In 2025, Pakistan remains a country marked by chronic political instability, economic hardship, and worsening security challenges. Following the controversial general elections of February 2024, which saw the return of a civilian government under heavy military influence, the democratic process remains fragile and overshadowed by the dominance of the armed forces and intelligence services.
Sweden, long considered one of the safest and most egalitarian countries in Europe, has been facing a growing security crisis in recent years, marked by a surge in armed violence and increasing political polarisation.
Sri Lanka remains in 2025 in an extremely fragile economic and political situation, although the worst of the 2022–2023 financial crisis has been mitigated by external aid. However, the country remains vulnerable to persistent social, political and intercommunal tensions.
Près de dix ans après son indépendance, le Sud-Soudan, le plus jeune pays du monde, se trouve toujours dans une situation très précaire, avec des conflits tribaux extrêmement violents entre les quelque 60 groupes ethniques du pays.
In 2025, Germany remains a central economic power in the European Union but is experiencing political and social instability, driven by identity tensions, migration pressures, and growing ideological polarisation.
As of 2025, Burkina Faso remains one of the most unstable and dangerous countries in the Sahel. The country is still embroiled in an asymmetric war against jihadist groups affiliated with Al-Qaeda (JNIM) and the Islamic State (IS-Sahel), which now control large parts of the territory—particularly in the north, east, and west.
Nation vaste et multiculturelle, l’Indonésie s’est transformée depuis les années 90 en nouveau dragon asiatique avec une croissance moyenne de 6%, reposant sur une main d’œuvre bon marché (1,08US$ l’heure) et sur sa proximité avec les marchés chinois et japonais...
In 2025, Lebanon remains in a deep crisis, unprecedented since the civil war. The country is facing economic collapse, institutional paralysis, growing insecurity, communal tensions, and indirect involvement in the regional conflict between Israel, Hamas, and Hezbollah.
In 2025, Morocco remains politically stable under the reign of King Mohammed VI, who continues to consolidate the monarchy’s role as a central and unifying power. However, signs of political stagnation and growing social discontent are becoming more visible, particularly among youth.
In 2025, Saudi Arabia is continuing its rapid transformation under the leadership of Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS), as part of the "Vision 2030" plan. This strategy aims to reduce the country’s dependency on oil, modernise the economy, and reposition the Kingdom as an influential regional power.
Since its military victory in 2020 and the recapture of Nagorno-Karabakh in 2023, Azerbaijan has strengthened its geopolitical ambitions, notably by seeking to establish the Zangezur Corridor, aimed at connecting its mainland territory to the Nakhchivan exclave and Turkey via Armenia.
In 2025, Armenia continues its strategic reorientation towards the West following the loss of Nagorno-Karabakh in 2023, now entirely under Azerbaijani control. This military defeat, experienced as a national trauma, has severely weakened the government of Nikol Pashinyan, who remains in office but is increasingly challenged by segments of the population for his perceived inaction during the Azerbaijani offensive, and for political decisions seen as erratic and risky.
In 2025, Bangladesh continues to face a series of major structural challenges, including overpopulation, chronic poverty, political instability, and climate vulnerability. Although the country shows resilient economic growth, it is insufficient to offset deepening inequalities and rising social tensions.
In 2025, the Central African Republic (CAR) remains one of the most fragile and violent countries in Africa. President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, in power since 2016, continues to rely on the support of Russian paramilitaries from the Wagner Group (now restructured under the Africa Corps) to maintain his grip on the capital and key strategic areas.
Although the Philippines remains a politically stable country, it continues to face multifaceted insecurity, justifying an intermediate security classification (danger level 3/5) and the recommendation of heightened vigilance measures, particularly for foreigners.
MADAGASCAR : In 2025, Madagascar continues to face a deep economic and social crisis, worsened by persistent political instability. President Andry Rajoelina, re-elected in November 2023 in a vote boycotted by the opposition and marred by irregularities, governs amid widespread mistrust.
COMOROS : In 2025, the Union of the Comoros remains affected by chronic political instability, exacerbated by post-electoral tensions and persistent socio-economic difficulties.
La Guinée a été le théâtre de manifestations à l’approche puis à la suite de la réélection du président Alpha Condé, au pouvoir depuis 2010. Ce troisième mandat, qui a demandé une réforme constitutionnelle et un référendum, a poussé un collectif politique à appeler à la mobilisation des citoyens en Guinée...
En janvier 2020, des manifestations ont eu lieu au Liberia, marquant principalement la protestation d’une partie de la population contre la politique économique du président George Weah...
In 2025, Mozambique continues to face a persistent armed conflict in its northern region, growing social tensions, and structural vulnerabilities linked to poverty, corruption, and natural disasters.
In 2025, Mali remains deeply destabilised and governed by a military junta since the 2021 coup. The regime of Assimi Goïta has officially broken with France and its Western partners, aligning itself increasingly with Russia, both politically and militarily. The presence of Wagner Group elements, now rebranded and partially integrated into the Russian Ministry of Defence, continues across much of the country.
The security situation in the United Kingdom remains generally stable, although the country continues to experience a structural increase in interpersonal violence and crime in certain urban areas. Major cities such as London, Liverpool, Birmingham, and Manchester account for most violent crime, especially knife attacks, violent robberies, and sexual assaults.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo remains, in 2025, mired in chronic instability, marked by ongoing security deterioration in the east of the country, a major humanitarian crisis, and the continued weakening of state authority.
In 2025, the United States is again facing major internal tensions following the November 2024 presidential election, won by Donald Trump, who returned to office after an extremely polarised vote. His victory reignited social, racial and ideological divisions, triggering mass protests across major cities, sometimes accompanied by violent clashes with police.
La Lituanie est un Etat balte qui fit partie de l’Union Soviétique. Les Etats baltes (Lettonie, Estonie et Lituanie), qui partagent des frontières communes avec la Russie et son allié Biélorusse, ont achevé leur intégration euro atlantique en rejoignant à la fois l’OTAN et l’Union européenne. Rejoindre l’Alliance atlantique représentait – pour ces pays qui ont été victimes, à plusieurs reprises, de l’expansionnisme russe – une garantie...